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Tegucigalpa Protocol

 in Attorney General's Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs / International / Politics / SICA  tagged Central America / Central American Court of Justice / Central American Exception Clause / Central American Integration / Central American Integration System / Central American Judicial Council / Central American Parliament / Central American Republics / Council of Ministers / Council of Ministers for Foreign Affairs / OCAS / ODECA / Organization of Central American States / PARLACEN / SICA / Tegucigalpa Protocol / United Nations by

[TRANSLATION — TRADUCTION] TEGUCIGALPA PROTOCOL(1)Came into force on 23 July 1992, i.e., eight days after the date on which the majority of the signatory States to the above-mentioned Charter had deposited their instrument of ratification with the Government of El Salvador, in accordance with article 36: TO THE CHARTER OF THE ORGANIZATION OF CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES (ODECA)(4)See p. 382 of this volume. The Presidents of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama: Whereas: It is necessary to revise the legal framework of the Organization of Central American States (OCAS), adapting it to current realities and needs, in order […]

Is the ICJ Biased?

 in Attorney General's Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Belize Guatemala Dispute / Government / Guatemala / ICJ / International / Issues / National / OAS / Politics  tagged Belize / Belizean / Belizean people / Border Dispute / Eric A. Posner / General Assembly / Guatemala / ICJ / International Court of Justice / international law / NATO / OAS / OECD / PCIJ / Permanent Court of International Justice / Security Council / treaty dispute / UN / United Nations / United States by

by Eric A. Posner and Miguel F. P. de Figueiredo ERIC A. POSNER is Kirkland and Ellis Professor of Law, University of Chicago. MIGUEL F. P. DE FIGUEIREDO is a Ph.D. student in political science at the University of California at Berkeley. We thank Fay Booker, Jacob Cogan, Sean Farhang, Andrew Guzman, Larry Helfer, Richard Hynes, Matt Jarvis, Anup Malani, Andrew Martin, Simeon Nichter, Abdul Noury, Keith Smith, Duncan Snidal, Laura Stoker, Erik Voeten, Greg Wawro, John Yoo; participants at seminars at the University of Chicago, Washington University in St. Louis, Columbia University, and the University of California, Berkeley, Law […]

Belize Restoring Its Damaged Ocean

 in Environment / Issues / Ministry of Energy, Science & Technology and Public Utilities / Ministry of Forestry, Fisheries and Sustainable Development / Ministry of Natural Resources and Agriculture / National  tagged Belize Barrier Reef / Belize Natural Energy / Blue Hole / Coral Reefs / Deepwater Horizon / Environmental Defense Fund / Janelle Chanona / Lighthouse Reef / marine protected areas / Mesoamerican Reef / Oceana / UNESCO by

By Tik Root – Originally published on April 11, 2018 on National Geographic The Astrum helicopter company launches from a base less than five miles from where Belize City meets the Caribbean. In the backseat, to my left, is Belizean Senator Valerie Woods. Across from us are two representatives from international ocean protection organization Oceana, which organized the flight. The country’s minister of state, Carla Barnett, climbs into the front seat. “I haven’t been in a helicopter for a long time,” she mutters, pulling on her headset. The doors shut, and we’re off. As we rise above the trees, Belize […]

Noise Abatement in Belize

 in General / Issues / Laws / Legal / Ministry of Housing & Urban Development / National  tagged Belize / Belizean / Belizean people / Change / Law / Noise Abatement / noise emissions by

NOISE ABATEMENT Unreasonable noise emissions on premises. 37. (1) A person who on any premises uses or causes or allows to be used any equipment in such a way as to cause or allow it to emit unreasonable noise from those premises commits an offence. (2) A prosecution for an alleged offence under subregulation (1) may be instituted only by – (a) any three or more persons, each of whom is the occupier of the premises and claims to be directly affected by that alleged offence; (b) an authorized person; or (c) a police officer. Installation of equipment emitting unreasonable […]

Background and Study of the Special Agreement to the ICJ

 in Attorney General's Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Belize Guatemala Dispute / Government / Guatemala / ICJ / International / Issues / National / OAS / Politics  tagged Belize / Belize Commission / Belizean / Belizean people / British Empire / Central America / Compromis / Government / International Court of Justice / Issues / Ministry of Foreign Affairs / OAS / Organization of American States / Politics / PUP / Special Agreement / Territorial dispute / UDP / United Kingdom / United Nations by

BACKGROUND AND STUDY OF THE SPECIAL AGREEMENT BETWEEN GUATEMALA AND BELIZE TO SUBMIT GUATEMALA’S TERRITORIAL, INSULAR AND MARITIME CLAIM TO THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE. By Gustavo Adolfo Orellana Portillo To the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala, especially the Belize Commission. To my parents Oscar Rigoberto Orellana Cordón (+) Octavila Portillo Chacón de Orellana (+) To my wife Lilián Lisseth Lacs Palomo de Orellana To my children Oscar Gustavo and Laura Paulina PROLOGUE On December 8, 2008, the Special Agreement between Guatemala and Belize to submit Guatemala’s territorial, insular and maritime differendum to the International Court of Justice was […]

Belize Guatemala Adjacency Zone

 in Attorney General's Ministry and Ministry of Foreign Affairs / Belize Guatemala Dispute / Guatemala / Legal / National / OAS  tagged Adjacency Zone / Aguas Turbias / Assad Shoman / Belize / Edgar A. Gutiérrez / Garbutt's Falls / Gracias a Dios / Guatemala / Luigi R. Einaudi / Ministry of Foreign Affairs / OAS / Pan-American Institute of Geography and History / Santa Rosa by

AGREEMENT TO ESTABLISH A TRANSITION PROCESS AND CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES BETWEEN BELIZE AND GUATEMALA I. Preambular Considerations: Delegations from Belize and Guatemala, headed by H.E. Assad Shoman, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belize, and by H.E. Edgar A. Gutiérrez, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Guatemala, met at OAS Headquarters in Washington D.C. on February 7, 2003, with Assistant Secretary General, in charge of the General Secretariat, Ambassador Luigi R. Einaudi to continue their discussions aimed at concluding an Agreement to Establish a Transition Process and Confidence Building Measures Between Belize and Guatemala within the framework of a just, equitable and […]

Start by getting rid of the term ‘gang’

 in Children / Crime / Issues / Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Ministry of National Security  tagged Gangs / Street gangs / Violence / Youth / Youth Against Violence / Youth Violence by

This is something I wholeheartedly agree with. If we really want to tackle youth violence on the streets of London, we can start by getting rid of the term ‘gang’. This label and the imagery it provokes is increasingly inaccurate – and the root causes of youth violence are very different to what we might intuitively believe. by: Chuka Umunna at independent.co.uk “On Friday, my constituent Zac Olumegbon was murdered in a planned attack close to his school. He was just 15, and I know that the thoughts of the entire House will be with his family at this very […]

US visa applications may soon require five years of social media info

 in General / International / News by

Washington (CNN)    The Trump administration plans to require immigrants applying to come to the United States to submit five years of social media history, it announced Thursday, setting up a potential scouring of their Twitter and Facebook histories. The move follows the administration’s emphasis on “extreme vetting” of would-be immigrants to the US, and is an extension of efforts by the previous administration to more closely scrutinize social media after the San Bernardino terrorist attack. According to notices submitted by the State Department on Thursday, set for formal publication on Friday, the government plans to require nearly all visa applicants […]

Curfews hurt societies not help

 in Change / Children / Corruption / Crime / Issues / Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Ministry of Human Development, Social Transformation and Poverty Alleviation / National / People / Safety / Safety & Security / Security  tagged Belize / Belizean / Belizean people / Change / Crime / Curfew / Issues / PUP / Safety / Security / UDP by

I’ll try to keep this short and sweet to get the conversation started. I want society to start thinking of what is actually driving the issues we face in Belize and how we can properly address them and help our future generations get out of the mud into a better future. First off, what is a curfew? The word “curfew” comes from the French phrase “couvre-feu“, which means “fire cover”. It was later adopted into Middle English as “curfeu”, which later became the modern “curfew”. The stated goal of most curfew laws is twofold: to prevent juvenile crime and to […]

Shadow players: ecotourism development, corruption and state politics in Belize

 in Corruption / Crime / Government / National / Politics  tagged Belize / Belize Defence Force / Belize government / Belize Holdings Incorporated / Belize Tourism Industry Association / Belizean / British Conservative Party / Caribbean / Central America / Central Bank of Belize / Commonwealth / Corruption / drug smuggling networks / drug trafficking / Ecotourism / entrepôt state / Government / International Narcotics Control Strategy / Michael Ashcroft / Money Laundering Prevention Act / NGO / Offshore Banking / Offshore Banking Centre / organised crime / Peoples United Party / Politics / PUP / Rodney Gallagher / Rosaleen Duffy / Rupert Murdoch / Third World Quarterly / UN Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances by

As published: Third World Quarterly, Vol 21, No 3, pp 549–565, 2000 by Rosaleen Duffy Rosaleen Duffy is at the Department of Politics and International Relations, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YL, UK. Abstract This article examines the way that developing societies have been increasingly incorporated into global networks, and the effect that this has had on the states themselves. The notion of a shadow state is used here to inform the ways that the state has been modified by the global networks represented by ecotourism development on the one hand and drug trafficking (and associated offshore banking sectors) on the […]

Belize Criminal Act – Sex Offender

 in Abuse / Child Abuse / Children / Crime / Ministry of National Security / Safety / Safety & Security / Security  tagged Belize / Belize Criminal Act / Belizean / Belizean people / Crime / Government / Issues / Law / Safety / Security / Sex Offender by

Sex offender orders. 18 of 1998 8.-(1) If it appears to a police officer of or above the rank of Assistant Inspector that the following conditions are fulfilled with respect to any person, namely:- (a) that the person is a sex offender; and (b) that the person has acted, since the relevant date, in such a way as to give reasonable cause to believe that an order under this section is necessary to protect the public from serious harm from him, the police officer may apply for an order under this section to be made in respect of the person. […]

Gap Analysis Report: Citizen Security in Belize

 in Crime / Issues / Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports / Ministry of Human Development, Social Transformation and Poverty Alleviation / Ministry of National Security / National  tagged Belize / Caribbean / Central America / citizen security / Corrections / Crime / Crime prevention / diversion / foster care / homicides / institutional capacity / justice system / juvenile justice / legal aid / Police / Public policy / risk factors / Violence / youth development by

Prepared for the Innovation in Citizen Services Division by Jennifer Peirce This paper presents updated information about crime and violence in Belize, and about current and recent initiatives that address these issues, with an emphasis on youth and on Southside Belize City. The findings complement the 2013 IDB Technical Note on citizen security in Belize and the analysis of the completed Community Action for Public Safety Program (CAPS). The report reviews factors contributing to crime and violence in Belize, and then identifies opportunities to consolidate progress and gaps in services. It makes recommendations for future programs, including a potential second […]